Pumping Unit
03/11/2015

General Introduction

A pumping unit is a piece of equipment used to extract petroleum products from a well in an oil field. It is used to mechanically lift liquid out of the well if there is not enough bottom hole pressure for the liquid to flow all the way to the surface. The arrangement is commonly used for onshore wells producing little oil. Pumping units are common in oil-rich areas.

Construction and Operation:

Modern pumping units are powered by an engine. This is commonly an electric motor, but internal combustion enginesare used in isolated locations without access to electricity. Common off-grid pumping units engines run on casing gas produced from the well, but pumping units have been run on many types of fuel, such as propane and diesel fuel. In harsh climates such motors and engines may be housed in a shack for protection from the elements.
The engine of the pumping units runs a set of pulleys to the transmission which drives a pair of cranks, generally with counterweights on them to assist the motor in lifting the heavy string of rods. The cranks raise and lower one end of an I-beam which is free to move on an A-frame. On the other end of the beam, there is a curved metal box called a horse head or donkey head, so named due to its appearance. A cable made of steel—occasionally, fiberglass—called a bridle, connects the horse head to the polished rod, a piston that passes through the stuffing box.
The polished rod has a close fit to the stuffing box, letting it move in and out of the tubing without fluid escaping. (The tubing is a pipe that runs to the bottom of the well through which the liquid is produced.) The bridle follows the curve of the horse head as it lowers and raises to create a nearly vertical stroke. The polished rod is connected to a long string of rods called sucker rods, which run through the tubing to the down-hole pump, usually positioned near the bottom of the well.
 

Types of Pumping Units

Pumping units are offered with a range of designs and styles so people can select the model most suited to their uses.

When selecting pumping units, people can choose between units of various heights and may select a variety of pump types. Some are designed for particular applications, such as use in oil fields where members of the public may protest if very tall, highly visible pumping units are deployed.

1.API Standard Conventional Beam Pumping Unit

The API standard conventional beam pumping unit has reasonable structure, smooth operation, low noise, it is simple and easy to operate.

Technical Parameters and Model

No.	Model	Stroke(m)	Stroke Frequency(min-1)
1	C-80D-133-54	54, 43, 31	5、 7、 9
2	C-80D-119-64	64, 54, 43	5、 7、 9
3	C-114D-119-86	86, 76, 59	6、 8、 10
4	C-114D-143-74	74, 62, 50	6、 8、 10
5	C-114D-143-64	64, 52, 40	6、 8、 10
6	C-160D-173-86	86, 74, 61	6、 8、 10
7	C-160D-200-76	76, 62, 51	6、 8、 10
8	C-228D-246-86	86, 74, 61	5、 7、 9
9	C-228D-173-100	100, 86, 71	5、 7、 9
10	C-228D-213-120	120, 102, 85	5、 7、 9
11	C-320D-173-120	120, 102, 85	5、 7、 9
12	C-320D-305-120	120, 102, 85	5、 7、 9
13	C-320D-256-120	120, 102, 86	5、 7、 9
14	C-456D-305-120	120, 102, 85	5、 7、 9
15	C-456D-256-144	144, 124, 106	4、6、8
16	C-456D-305-144	144, 124, 106	4、6、8
17	C-640D-365-168	168, 142, 116	4、6、8
18	C-912D-305-192	192, 168, 135, 120, 95, 74	4、6、8
19	C-912D-365-192	192, 164, 136, 110	4、6、8
20	C-1280D-365-192	192, 164, 136, 110	4、 6

2.Double Horse Head Pumping Unit

Double horse head type beam pumping unit is evolved from the conventional beam pumping unit. It is suitable for mining of low viscosity and high water content of crude oil, increasing the reducer speed and motor. It is acceptable for horizontal wells ,deviated and viscous crude oil wells in normal condition.

Technical Parameters and Model

Model	Polished Rod Capacity (KN)	Stroke(m)	Stroke Frequency(min-1)	Reducer(KN.m)
CYJS6-2. 5-26 (18)HB	60	2.5  2.1  1.8	5、7、9	26 (18)
CYJS8-3-37HB	80	3.0  2.5  2.1	5、7、9	37
CYJS10-5-48(53)HB	100	5.0  4.0  3.0	4、5、6	48(53)
CYJS12-5-53(73)HB	120	5.0  4.0  3.0	4、5、6	53 (73)
CYJS14-5-73HB	140	5.0  4.0  3.0	4、5、6	73

3.Conventional Beam Pumping Unit

This kind of pumping unit has reasonable structure, low noise, and it is easy operate and maintain. The reducer uses herringbone involute or double circular toothed gear, thus it has high precision, bearing ability, long service life, etc. The horse head can be turned on, hanged on, or rotor according to the user.

Technical Parameters and Model

Model	Polishcd Rod Capacity(KN)	Stroke(m)	Stroke Frequency (min-1)	Reducer(KN.m)
CYJY4-1.8-13HB	40	1.8 1.5 1.2	7、 9、 11	13
CYJY6-2.5-26(18)HB	60	2. 5 2.1 1.7	3、5、7	26(18)
CYJY8-3-37HB	80	3.0 2.4 1.8	6、 9、 12	37
CYJY10-3-53HB	100	3.0 2.4 1.8	6、 9、 12	53
CYJY12-4.2-73HB	120	4.2 3.6 3.0	6、 8、 10	73
CYJY12-4.8-73HB	120	4.8 4.2 3.6	5、7、9	73
CYJY14-5.4-73HB	140	5.4 4.8 4.2	3、5、7	73

4.Under Barbell Series of Pumping Unit

This pumping unit makes use of the pith principal of biased download barbell and crank balancing role to meet the needs of oil pumping during pumping torque change.

Technical Parameters and Model

Model	Polished Rod Capacity(KN)	Stroke(n)	Stroke Frequency (min-1)	Reducer(KN.m)
CYJP3-1.5-9HF	30	1.5 1.2 0.9	3、5、7	9
CYJP4-1.8-13HF	40	1.8 1.5 1.2	5、7	13
CYJP5-21-13HF	50	2.1 1.8 1.5	3、5、7	13
CYJP5-2.5-18HF	50	2.5 1.8 1.2	3、5、7	18
CTJP6-2.5-26HF	60	2.5 1.8 1.2	3、5、7	26
CYJP8-3-37HF	80	3.0 2.5 2.1	3、5、7	37
CYJP10-3-48HF	100	3.0 2.5 2.1	3、5、7	48
CYJP10-4.2-53HF	100	4.2 3.6 3.0	2.、4、 6	53
CYJP12-4.2-73HF	120	4.2 3.6 3.0	2.、4、 6	73

5.Tone Pitch Diameter Series of Energy Pumping Unit

The beam of this kind of pumping unit realizes bias balance, it is easy to adjust for novel structure, and also easy to add and remove small balanced box to househead counterweight box when it closes to the ground. good balance. It can adjust balance precisely according to the load peak position.

Technical Parameters and Model

Model	Polishcd Rod Capacity (KN)	Stroke(m)	Stroke Frequency (min-1)	Reducer(KN.m)
CYJT6-2.5-26HY	60	2.5 2.1 1.7	3> 5	26
CYJT8-3-37HY	80	3 2.4 1.8	3s 5	37
CYJT10-3-37HY	100	3 2.4 1.8	3. 5	37
CYJT10-4.2-53HY	100	4.2 3.6 3	4. 6	53
CTJT12-4.2-73HY	120	4.2 3.6 3	4. 6	73

Working and Maintenance

In the simple reciprocating piston pumping unit, the head of the device nods up and down, creating pressure inside the well to pull the oil up. Multiple units can be attached to a single well, and an oil field can feature hundreds of them, all working on individual areas to extract as much oil as possible. Companies developing oil fields must factor in the cost of installing and maintaining pumping units when they consider the expense of making the field usable. If deposits are limited, it may be too expensive to work the field successfully.
Personnel working in oil fields are responsible for periodically inspecting each pumping unit, checking for problems like leaks and failing components. They can temporarily stop production on a well to repair or replace a malfunctioning pumping unit, and units in need of repair may be sent to another site for servicing, depending on how the oil company is organized. This work also includes emergency shutdowns for fires and other emergencies where the oil field may become unsafe.